Mediación intercultural para las comunidades romaníes: el caso de la sanidad belga

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Comunidades Romaníes, Asistencia Sanitaria, Mediación Intercultural, Bélgica, Empoderamiento.

Resumen

Este artículo describe la realidad de los romaníes en Bélgica, la minoría étnica más grande y discriminada de Europa. Además, se discuten las implicaciones de su integración, y cómo este proceso se relaciona con su identidad. Una de las principales herramientas de integración estudiadas son los mediadores interculturales como nexo entre las comunidades romaníes y la sociedad no-romaní. Este artículo pretende analizar desde una visión interdisciplinar las características de la sanidad belga para la población romaní, centrándose en el papel de los mediadores interculturales. La investigación consta de tres entrevistas con mediadores interculturales para explicar la realidad de las comunidades. Estas entrevistas tienen el objetivo de corroborar los resultados obtenidos a través de la revisión de la literatura. Además, se proporciona una serie de recomendaciones relevantes a las autoridades belgas. La investigación reconoce la falta de información de primera mano de las comunidades romaníes, alentando a otros investigadores a escuchar sus propuestas.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Anna Marí Bueno, Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Citas

Ajil, Ahmed; Kwan-Lamar Blount-Hill (2022). “«Writing the Other as Other»: Exploring the Othered Lens in Academia Using Collaborative Autoethnography”. Decolonization of Criminology and Justice, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 83-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24135/dcj.v2i1.19

Belgian Federal Government (2022). Belgium, a Federal State. https://www.belgium.be/en/ about_belgium/government/federale_staat (accessed 21/03/2022).

Bommes, Michael (2012). Transnationalism or Assimilation?, in: Christina Boswell; Gianni D'Amato [eds.]. Immigration and Social Systems: Collected Essays of Michael Bommes. Amster¬dam: Amsterdam University Press, pp. 107-124.

CAHROM (2016). Thematic Report of the Group of Experts on Roma Health Mediators. https://coeromed.org/sites/default/files/documentation/CAHROM %20(2016)7 %20EN %20 Thematic %20report %20on %20Roma %20health %20mediators.pdf (accessed 21/03/2022).

Centre de Médiation des Gens du Voyage et des Roms (2018). Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy in Belgium. https:// bit.ly/2YsPTpB (accessed 21/03/2022).

Chambre des représentants de Belgique (2021). The Belgian Constitution. https://www.deka¬mer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/GrondwetUK.pdf (accessed 21/03/2022).

ERGO Network (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Roma Communities in the Euro¬pean Union and the Western Balkans. https://ergonetwork.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ Ergo-covidstudy-final-web-double-v2.pdf (accessed 21/03/2022).

European Union (2011). Working Together for Roma Inclusion the EU Framework Explained. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. DOI: https//doi.org/10.2838/20959

Eycken, Maurits (2006). Roma-Zigeuners, Overleven in een industriële samenleving. Leuven: Uitgeverij Acco.

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2020). Roms et Gens du Voyage en Belgique. Principaux résultats de l’enquête de 2019 auprès des Roms et des Gens du voyage. Vienna: Publication Office of the European Union. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2811/983661

Galleti, Patricia (2021). “El flamenco en los gitanos calé: apuntes para una investigación sobre la innovación y la inclusión socioculturales desde la antropología y el diseño”. Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación, No. 101, pp. 107-116. DOI: https://doi. org/10.18682/cdc.vi101.4092

Galkina (n. d.). Theoretical Approaches to Ethnic Identity. http://maxweber.hunter.cuny.edu/ pub/eres/BLPR102_PIMENTEL/ethnicity.html (accessed 21/03/2022).

Giménez Adelantado, Ana (2011). “Intercultural Mediation with the Roma Community in Health-care contexts”. Recerca: Revista de Pensament i Anàlisi, No. 11, pp. 125-143.

Giménez Cortés, Aaron; David Comas Martínez; Annabel Carballo Mesa (2019). “Identidad y origen del Pueblo Gitano”. International Journal of Roma Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 159-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17583/ijrs.2019.4561

Green, Eva G. T.; Oriane Sarrasin; Nicole Fasel (2015). “Immigration: Social Psychological Aspects”, in: Neil J. Smelser; Paul B. Baltes [eds.]. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 675-681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-08-097086-8.24065-8

Hancock, Ian (1987). The Pariah Syndrome. An Account of Gypsy Slavery and Persecution. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publisher.

Hanssens, M. G. Lise; Ignaas Devish; Janique Lobbestael; Barbara Cottenie; Sara Willems (2016). “Accessible Health care for Roma: a Gypsy’s Tale a Qualitative in-depth Study of Access to Health care for Roma in Ghent”. International Journal for Equity in Health, Vol. 15, No. 38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0327-7

Hancock, Ian; Siobhan Dowd; Rajko Djuric (1998). The Roads of the Roma: A PEN Anthology of Gypsy Writers. Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press.

Heckmann, Friderich (2015). Integration von Migranten: Einwanderung und neue Nationbil-dung. Wiesbaden: Springer.

ISGlobal (2020). The Exposome: Understanding the Effect of the Environment on Our Health. https://www.isglobal.org/en/-/el-exposoma-comprendiendo-el-efecto-del-entorno-en-nuestra-salud (accessed 21/03/2022).

Junghaus, Timea [ed.] (2006). Meet Your Neighbours. Contemporary Roma Art from Europe. [New York]: Open Society Foundations.

Kapralski, Slawomir (1997). “Identity Building and the Holocaust: Roma Political Nationalism”. Nationalities Papers, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 269-283. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1080/00905999708408503

Klarenbeek, M. Lea (2019). “Relational Integration: A Response to Willem Schinkel”. Comparative Migration Studies, No. 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-019-0126-6

Kóczé, Angela (2019). “Illusionary Inclusion of Roma Through Intercultural Media¬tion”, in: Huub van Baar; Ana Ivasiuc; Regina Kreide [eds.]. The Securitization of the Roma in Europe. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 183-206. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-319-77035-2_9

Leith, Rian; Hussein Solomon (2001). On Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict Management in Nigeria. https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/on-ethnicity-and-ethnic-conflict-manage¬ment-in-nigeria/ (accessed 21/03/2022).

Maalouf, Amin (2009). Le dérèglement du monde. Paris: Gasset.

Martiniello, Marco (2013). “Immigrant Integration and Multiculturalism in Belgium”, in: Raymond Taras [ed.]. Challenging Multiculturalism: European Models of Diversity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 120-137.

Mayon, Ramona (2016). Anti-gypsy Laws since 1383. https://www.academia.edu/35480891/ anti_gypsy_laws_since_1383 (accessed 21/03/2022).

McMahon, Meabh (2022). City of Ghent Looks To Integrate Roma Families Coming to Belgium. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/04/14/city-of-ghent-looks-to-integrate-roma-families-coming-to-belgium (accessed 21/03/2022).

Mirga-Kruszelnicka, Anna (2018). “Challenging Anti-gypsyism in Academia”. Critical Romani Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 8-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v1i1.5

Naydenova, Violeta (2014). Roma Health. https://www.eesc.europa.eu/en/news-media/presen¬tations/roma-health (accessed 21/03/2022).

NRIS Belgium (2016). Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy and Other National Commitments in the Field of Health, Belgium. https://publications.iom.int/es/books/ implementation-national-roma-integration-strategy-and-other-national-commitments-field-5 (accessed 21/03/2022).

Penninx, Rinus; Blanca Garcés-Mascareñas (2016). “The Concept of Integration as an Analytical Tool and as a Policy Concept”, in: Blanca Garcés-Mascareñas; Rinus Penninx [eds.]. Integration Processes and Policies in Europe. Cham: Springer, pp. 11-29. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_2

Petraki, Ioanna (2020). “Roma Health Mediators: A Neocolonial Tool for the Reinforcement of Epistemic Violence?”. Critical Romani Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 72-95. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.29098/crs.v3i1.60

Popelier, Patricia (2020). “How Dynamic Federalism Sheds New Light on the Belgian Fed-eralism-confederalism Debate”. Fédéralisme Régionalisme, Vol. 20.

Rorke, Bernard (2014). Roma Integration and ‘a Normal Way of Living’. https://www.open-democracy.net/can-europe-make-it/bernard-rorke/roma-integration-and-normal-way-ofliving (accessed 21/03/2022).

Ryder, Andrew; Sarah Cemlyn; Thomas Acton (2014). Hearing the Voices of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller Communities Inclusive Community Development. Bristol: Policy Press.

Schinkel, Willem (2018). “Against ‘Immigrant Integration’: for an Eend to Neocolonial Knowledge Production”. Comparative Migration Studies, Vol. 6, No. 31. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1186/s40878-018-0095-1

Senier, Laura; Phil Brown; Sara Shostak; Bridget Hanna (2017). “The Socio-exposome: Advancing Exposure Science and Environmental Justice in a Postgenomic Era”. Environ¬mental Sociology, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 107-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.20 16.1220848

Sollie, Henk; Vina Wijkhuijs; Walter Hilhorst; Ronald van der Wal; Nicolien Kop (2013). Aanpak multi-problematiek bij gezinnen met een Roma-achtergrond. Den Haag: Boom Lemma uitgevers.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. (1988). “Can the Subaltern Speak?”, in: Cary Nelson; Lawrence Grossberg [eds.]. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Illinois: University of Illinois, pp. 271-313.

SPP Intégration sociale (2012). Belgium- National Strategy for Roma Integration. https:// ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/library-document/belgique-la-strategie-nationale-pour-lintegration-des-roms_en (accessed 21/03/2022).

Statista Research Department (2022). Population of Belgium in 2021, by age group. https:// www.statista.com/statistics/523463/population-of-belgium-by-age-group/ (accessed 21/03/2022).

Tajfel, Henri (1978). The Social Psychology of Minorities. London: Minority Rights Group.

TIME Project Partnership (2015). Description of 10 Good Practices in Intercultural Mediation for Immigrants Throughout Europe and Suggestions for Transfer. http://www. mediation-time.eu/images/O2_English.pdf (accessed 21/03/2022).

Verrept, Hans (2008). “Integrating Ethnic Minorities in Health Care”, in: Ana Fernandes; José Pereira Miguel [eds.]. Health and Migration in the European Union. Lisbon: National Institute of Health/Ministry of Health of Portugal, pp. 61-71.

Verrept Hans (2019). What Are the Roles of Intercultural Mediators in Health Care and What Is the Evidence on Their Contributions and Effectiveness in Improving Accessibility and Quality of Care for Refugees and Migrants in the WHO European Region?. Copenhagen: World Health Organization/Regional Office for Europe.

Vibha, Pathak; Jena Bijayini; Kalra Sanjay (2013). “Qualitative Research”. Perspectives in Clinical Research. Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.115389

World Health Organization (1946). “Constitution of the World Health Organization”. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp. 1315-1323.

Descargas

Publicado

2022-12-23

Cómo citar

Marí Bueno, A. (2022). Mediación intercultural para las comunidades romaníes: el caso de la sanidad belga. Treballs De La Societat Catalana De Geografia, (94), 59–81. Recuperado a partir de https://revistes.iec.cat/index.php/TSCG/article/view/150294

Número

Sección

Artículos