Social farming in Catalonia. A twofold alternative: local development and employment of groups at risk of social exclusion

Abstract

In Catalonia, as in many countries of the European Union, there is an economic and social crisis in the agricultural field. Some initiatives have arisen in the territory, including local agriculture or social farming (SF), which seek to achieve economic, social and environmental sustainability. SF is an emerging phenomenon in rural and periurban areas in the European countries but it is still a new practice in Catalonia. SF provides new functions and meanings to agricultural practice beyond the scope of production. In the current socio-economic situation, SF is a bottom-up practice of social innovation in civil society aimed to create new employment for people at risk of social exclusion, while helping rural development. This paper seeks to briefly explain the characteristics and potential of SF, highlighting forms of collective organization like cooperatives. The analysis was based on the building of a database and on interviews with key developers and informants. Qualitative methodology has provided a diagnosis using tools such as SWOT analysis and flowcharts. This methodology has highlighted, on the one hand, the potential and contribution of SF in various areas (provision of social services in rural areas, local development, organic farming, social innovation, and economic alternatives) and, on the other, the gaps and needs of the sector that influence its development. Based on the effect of these factors, some strategies have been designed to contribute to the dissemination and promotion of SF in Catalonia.

Keywords: organic farming, social farming, rural development, Catalonia, social exclusion, European Union.