Os mecanismos espaciais do governo no ensino : a centralização-descentralizaçao do ensino (Finais da Monarquia e I Republica) = The mechanisms of government in education space : the centralization-decentralization of education (End of the Monarchy and the First Republic)

Abstract

In this article, we address the importance of decentralization in the Republican educational ideas as well as reading teachers made the decentralization of education since the reform of Rodrigues Sampaio, 1878 until the end of the First Republic. It is knowing what kind of intervention was required of teachers and their chambers and see how they articulated the power of political power with the power and knowledge of teachers.
The Republican elite conceived of the burden of education to the municipalities and the convening of all administrative institutions as key factors for the development of education. In turn, the teachers criticized roughly the late payment of their salaries, the discretionary powers granted to city workers and agents of the political persecution that many were targeted.
To explore the issue at hand, we addressed the chronology covering the period from the end of the monarchy and the years following the establishment of the Republic. The sources that we consider fall into three distinct but complementary levels: 1) The parliamentary debates (we want to know how it was discussed decentralization and the teaching profession on the stage of political debate); 2) The legislative framework (which we intend to examine the standards used as reference to decentralization and building the teaching profession); 3) The representation of teachers (we want to know how the decentralization and the problems of the profession have been treated by specialists in specialty journals:Democracia (1878-1881); Esquerda Dinástica (1888- 1890); Educação Nacional (1896-1919), A Federação Escolar (1886-1926), Boletim da Associação do Magistério Secundário Oficial (1904-1907), Boletim da Direcção Geral da Instrução Pública (1902-1905); Revista do Ensino Médio e Profissional (1913-1916), Revista dos Liceus (1891-1896; 1916) e o Boletim da Associação dos Professores das Escolas Industriais e Comerciais (1921-1927).