Institutionalized elderly people in Catalonia: how many are they and what are they like?

Authors

  • Pilar Zueras Castillo Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
  • Marc Ajenjo i Cosp Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Keywords:

elderly people, living arrangements, institutionalization, family network.

Abstract

The institutionalized population aged 65 and over in Catalonia is constantly increasing, both because of improved survival and as a consequence of the expansion of institutionalization in recent decades. Although in relative terms it only comprised 4% of the population aged 65 and over in 2011, its prevalence increases dramatically beyond age 80. It is necessary to know the composition of this population so as to correct biases, since it is systematically not registered in those surveys addressed to the population living in households used in sociological analyses. We use data for Catalonia from the last four censuses (1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011) with a twofold objective: to quantify the population aged 65 or older not living in private households in Catalonia and to study its evolution during the last three decades. The study is supplemented by an analysis of the Health Survey of the Institutionalized Population in Catalonia (ESPI, 2006) with the aim to characterize the profile of the population living in residential care facilities. People living in institutions cannot be considered homogeneous, although there is a high presence of very old women. A big share of them fits the profile of widowed women beyond 80 years old, with low levels of education and income, who were previously living alone and are dependent for functional activity or have deteriorated mental health, and who stated that they entered the institution because of health or autonomy problems. However, a cluster analysis has identified other groups that show quite different situations. These results reveal the importance not only of deteriorating health in the process of institutionalization but also of the presence or absence of a family network that becomes an important resource in dealing with the aging process at home, either because of the needs of assistance or due to the company and well-being it can provide.

Keywords: elderly people; living arrangements; institutionalization; family network.

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Published

2015-07-31

Issue

Section

Articles