Reformes educatives a Mèxic al segle XX i els reptes de l'equitat = Educational reforms in Mexico in the 20th Century and the challenges of equality

Abstract

This article describes the five educational reforms which, according to the author's criterion, were the most important in 20th-Century Mexico. It begins with the reform of the cultural and educational project of the 1910 revolution. The second reform continues with this ideology, which became more radical in 1934 when education was afforded a socialist nature. The third reform emerged in 1959 in the form of a moderate project based on UNESCO guidelines. The fourth was implemented in the seventies and is reformist for the epoch, unsuccessfully seeking to recover the nationalist and popular ideals of the post-revolution. Finally, the fifth reform pertains to the project for the modernisation of education stemming from the opening up and demands of the international market. The article follows the development of these reforms with the political processes until the present day, when the Mexican left seeks to drive new reforms, committed to equality in education and following certain trends also prevailing in some countries in Latin America.