Estudi de la biocenosi dels tapissos microbians del delta de l¿Ebre

Abstract

The microzonation of microorganisms in the microbial mats of the Ebro Delta was studied by light microscopy andscanning and transmission electron microscopy. Microbial mats showed differences in species composition, number and colour of layers, etc. Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms grew on the surface of the mat. In this layer, the community consisted predominantly of pennate diatoms, reaching densities of 7.3·107 cel·cm¿3. Twelve genera of diatoms were identified, and the most abundant were Nitzschia, Navicula, Amphora and Mastogloia. Coccoid cyanobacteria and filamentous cyanobacteria were also identified in the upper layer of the mat, where the predominant filamentous cyanobacterium was Lyngbya aestuarii. The dominant microorganism in the second layer was the filamentous cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthono plastes, which contained 5-20 trichomes within the common sheath. The third layer was not present in all the microbial mats studied, and when it was present the dominant species could be different in different sampling sites. In sampling site P1 the dominant microorganism was the anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Chromatium gracile. But in site P3 the dominant microorganism in the purple third layer was a new species belonging to the Chromatiaceae (4,16 µm in diameter and 5,98 µm in length; the intracytoplasmic membrane system (ICM) was lamellar; and in the presence of sulphide and light, globules of sulphur are formed inside these cells). Another sheathed filamentous phototrophic microorganism with a lamellar ICM was also observed in this layer. Between the Microcoleus layer and the purple layer, the chemolithotrophic bacterium Beggiatoa sp. was found. Below the photic zone, in the black sediment, sulphate reducing bacteria belonging to the genera Desulfovibrio, Desulfococcus and Desulfotomaculum were identified.