Internet access technologies in Spain: birth and evolution of the Integrated Services Digital Network, 1984-2005

Abstract

This article aims to narrate the birth and evolution of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN or ISDN) in Spain with an essentially descriptive methodology, from an interdisciplinary perspective and from varied sources. The study aims to investigate the forms of the transition from a conceptual or engineering phase to the market in a standard of Internet access and, at the same time, in the different patterns of technological innovation and the factors that motivate them. It tries to verify if the own nature of the techniques, the degree of diffusion of the previous technologies, the technological level —digitalization— and the structure of market of the telecommunications —performance of the monopoly of the historical operator National Telephone Company of Spain— influenced of form important in the inequality of penetration with respect to other countries. The research authorizes to conclude that a very heterogeneous combination of factors caused that leading countries in the diffusion of a technology did not achieve that leading role in the diffusion of others.

Keywords: Digital Network of Integrated Services, Integrated Services Digital Network, telecommunication networks, Internet access technologies, National Telephone Company of Spain.